Locke And Rousseau Essay Research Paper The free essay sample

Locke And Rousseau Essay, Research Paper The thought of consent is a cardinal component in the plants of John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. In the? Second Treatise of Government, ? Locke puts forth his construct of the ideal signifier of authorities based on a societal contract. As Locke develops his theory of consent, he besides incorporates theories of political duty on the portion of all citizens of his province every bit good as his theory of revolution and the conditions under which rebellion is allowable. Though Locke may look to hold explored the impression of consent wholly, there are some jobs with his theory that weaken its impact. Despite the possible jobs encountered with Locke? s thought of consent in a political society, Rousseau, in his essay? On the Social Contract, ? seems to hold with Locke with respects to the construct of consent as it applies to the usage of money. The plants of Locke and Rousseau explore political foundations that depend on a societal contract which requires consent above all things in order to procure autonomy for the people. John Locke strongly inside informations the benefits of consent as a rule component of authorities, guaranteed by a societal contract. Locke believes in the constitution of a societal compact among people of a society that is alone in its ability to extinguish the province of nature. Locke feels the contract must stop the province of nature pleasantly because in the province of nature? every one has executive power of the jurisprudence of nature? ( 742 ) . This is a job because work forces are so partial to their ain instances and those of their friends and may go vindictive in penalties of enemies. Therefore, Locke maintains that a authorities must be established with the consent of all that will? keep the fondness and force of work forces? ( 744 ) . Peoples must hold to take themselves from the punishing and judgment procedures and create nonpartisanship in a authorities so that the true equality of work forces can be preserved. Without this consentaneous consent to authorities as holder of executive power, work forces who attempt to set up absolute power will throw society into a province of war ( 745 ) . The importance of freedom and security to adult male is the ground he gives consent to the authorities. He so protects himself from any one partial organic structure from acquiring power over him. He can appeal to a higher authorization in his community one time the consent of the people sets up a bench ( 746 ) . As Locke develops his theory of consent, he addresses the issue of autonomy and provinces that in giving consent, work forces do give up their ? natural autonomy, ? which involves being free from the will of any adult male and life by the jurisprudence of nature. However, in the societal contract we exchange this natural autonomy for? freedom of work forces under authorities, ? in which we have a natural, standing regulation to populate by, common to everyone, made by the legislative ( 747 ) . With consent to authorities, work forces still have the autonomy to follow their ain will in affairs where the jurisprudence does non order otherwise. Therefore, work forces do non hold to endure enslavement to political establishments. For Locke, this justifies consent to authorities and ordered society. Locke incorporates his positions on money into his consent theory, for he feels that work forces have agreed tacitly, with the innovation of money, to set a value on belongings and set up rights to it ( 751 ) . The consent of work forces to put a value on money has allowed work forces to back up themselves with belongings and labour and besides ? addition [ s ] the common stock of world? ( 751 ) . Consent makes industry and the accretion of the wealth of society possible and Locke considers this a positive accomplishment. Involved profoundly in the theory of consent is Locke? s reading of political duty. Locke views authorities as indispensable to the development of a civil society in which the incommodiousnesss of the province of nature are rejected while the safety and security work forces desire are protected by authorities. Therefore, the people, as portion of the societal contract, have a responsibility to obey the Torahs instituted by authorities and to accept the construct of bulk regulation as fundamental to the continued equality of the society. In accepting to political authorization, work forces agree to let the? organic structure with the greater force? to influence policy ( 769 ) . Work force must hold assurance in the proper operation of authorities because they rely on the societal compact. Their duty is to stay by the footings of the compact so that both people and authorities enjoy smooth sailing. Locke besides explores the thought of revolution and insists that the people who have created authorities with consentaneous consent in order to continue their belongings and safety should non be betrayed by the very establishments they gave birth to. So Locke states that if any of the three powers in authorities brand a move? to take away and destruct the belongings of the people, or to cut down them to slavery under arbitrary power? so the people are no longer expected to obey the political authorization ( 807 ) . If the authorities is guilty of a? breach of trust they forfeit the power? ( 807 ) . Locke believes that giving the people the option to arise does non arouse frequent originating against authorities. On the contrary, this option being unfastened is a protective step and keeps things in order, for the people will recognize there is a manner out if the authorities ceases to stand for their involvements. It is, in a sense, a safety valve for the people and gives them the reassurance of holding some control over authorities? s actions. Locke? s theory of consent brushs some minor jobs. One of the possible jobs regards the propertyless individual. For a adult male who has no ownerships, the desire for protection of belongings that motivates work forces to accept to authorities is nonexistent. He has no ground to desire authorities and so will be beyond the range of political authorization. Such a individual, Locke maintains, is topic to despotical power ( 794 ) . Besides, Locke feels that anyone who enjoys the privileges of authorities, like driving on the roads, gives silent consent to authorities ( 777 ) . However, many people are non witting of the fact that driving on the roads is giving consent to authorities. The instruction of precisely what is and what is non consent to authorities is an issue Locke does non turn to. His theory of consent is weakened by the fact that many may non be as cognizant of their consent to authorities as he believes. With respects to revolution, it can be said that Locke positions rebellion as a manner to reinstate political rights violated by an unfair crowned head. He states that one time the authorities has breached the trust of the people, the people? have a right to restart their original autonomy, and, by the constitution of a new legislative? supply for their ain safety and security? ( 807 ) . The people? s responsibility is to overthrow the authorization that is no longer working in a merely mode, a mode appropriate to its creative activity, and to asseverate their rights as stipulated by the societal contract by organizing a new authorities. It is merely a starting over for the society, but no power has truly changed custodies, except on a really impermanent footing. The people take power long plenty to construct a new legislative and so release power to the new authorities. Revolution ensures that misfunctioning authorities does non fade out the political rights of a society. Jean-Jacques Rousseau develops his political theory in response to the contention of Locke that his thought of authorities is the ideal. Rousseau believes in a much higher degree of political engagement and duty, but for the most portion concurs with Locke sing the function of consent in set uping authorities. Rousseau would decidedly hold with Locke that work forces give their common consent to money as a shop of value in a society. Rousseau feels that the societal compact, as it secures the consent of all, will benefit every adult male every bit and protect his belongings. The general will of the people? can direct the forces of the province? to guarantee? the common good? is served ( 919 ) . As money is the component that allows work forces to get wealth and provide for their households, money would surely be welcomed by the people, with their consent to its value, as functioning the common good. Rousseau would contend that if money existed as a shop of value, it could be so merely with the full consent of the people. The general will merely move to function its ain demands in a positive manner ( 920 ) . Therefore, money would be accepted as profiting society, as Locke maintains. The plants of Locke and Rousseau expand the thought of consent as the tract to authorities that serves the people at all times and can be recalled and challenged by the public if it fails to obey the footings of the societal contract. Even if Locke? s thoughts are merely a digest of thoughts swimming about in the philosophical pool in his clip, his assurance in their ability to set up a secure, positive political and civil society influenced our establishing male parents as they worked to plan authorities. His theory of consent and Rousseau? s enlargement on it in his plants stress how indispensable it is for both people and authorities to be held by certain criterions so that everyone is satisfied. In reading Locke and Rousseau, a reader is compelled to compare the theories of these philosophers with the political world today. Though their perceptual experience of the ideal authorities differs, the impact of their work combined can be clearly realized. Locke, John. Second Treatise of Government. Rousseau, Jean-Jacques. On the Social Contract.

Engineered Food essays

Engineered Food essays The issue of engineered foods or genetically modified foods has raised debate and concern in the modern world. In essence the argument against engineered food is that the natural value and content of the foods has been interfered with and that they present a health risk to the public. This is a concern that is voiced by many environmentalists. On the other side of the argument are those who support genetically modified or engineered foods. They argue that these foods provide an important means of feeding the poverty stricken and less developed regions and peoples of the world. This view points to the fact that there are many poor countries where poverty and starvation are a fact of life and where genetically engineered foods can be a cheap food supply that can save lives. Another factor is that the acceptance of genetically engineered foods is also related to the fear of the unknown and, like many other new inventions or technologies, in treated with initial skepticism and suspicion. The following discussion will elaborate and expand on this debate and explore the various aspects that are related to genetically modified foods and products. The term genetically engineered foods refers to agricultural crops and other plants which are grown using the techniques of genetics and molecular biology. The plants are modified or genetically engineered to change and increase the nutritional value of these food as well as to provide greater resistance to various diseases. (Genetically Modified Foods) 1 Genetically engineered foods therefore differ from the older and more traditional process of plant breeding. This older process takes much longer and is not nearly as reliable as modern genetic engineering methods. Genetic engineering can create plants with the exact desired trait very rapidly and with great accuracy. For example, plant geneticists can isolate a gene responsible for drought tolerance and insert t...

The Peloponnesian War, 431404 B.C.E Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Peloponnesian War, 431404 B.C.E - Essay Example Athens feared for war with Corinth and Sparta and hence it tightened its Potidaea colony by ordering then to bring down their city walls. Against Athens wish, Potidaea rebelled and refused to obey the Athens. Corinthians on the other hand feared the long term growth and strength of the Athens power and were anxious to contain it. They resulted to sending help to Potidaea eventually violating a 30 year old truce of never to help groups considered enemies to the Athens.2 Sparta’s decision to go into war came after they noted a rise in Athenian power and feared that if left to be too strong they might destroy Sparta. Corinth played a role by creating a false allegation on Athens that they were breaking the 30 years truce they had signed. Consequently, Sparta found every reason of war with Athens but missed their main worry of rise in Athenian power. The Peloponnesian war was divided into phases by historians. First, was the Archidamian war; a phase that included the Sparta invading the Attica. Athens on the other side, due to their naval supremacy raided the coast of Peloponnese which resulted to unrest in its empire. The first phase was marked with signing of the treaty known as Peace of Nicias though the treaty never stayed in place for long.3 Athens undermined it and renewed the fighting in Peloponnese and went ahead to use extreme force against Syracuse though it failed immediately. Decelean was the final phase of war and at this level Sparta got support from Persia and hence supported Athens’ rebellions leading to the undermining of the Athens Empire resulting to extinction of Athens supremacy. The end result saw Athens bow down in the year to follow.4 Peloponnesian war had its effects to the fighters and Greece in general. The war resulted to the reshaping of the ancient Greek. In terms of international relationship, Athens which was up to then the strongest city

Residency Change Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Residency Change - Essay Example I wish to change my resident student status as my parents have now moved to West Virginia and would prefer me to stay with them. We are very close knit family and my mother, being of delicate health, would be mentally relaxed if I could continue my education from local academic college or University. The multicultural environment of the state is also strong motivating factor that I believe would help me and my family to acculturize more easily within the mainstream society. I also believe that the University of West Virginia promotes the concept of constructive ideologies and proactive participation of the students from diverse backgrounds, in forging better understanding of evolving socio-economic and environmental dynamics. Indeed, it not only offers excellent academic programs but also huge opportunities for personal growth. Hence, change of student residency would considerably help me to be with my family and also help me achieve state of the art

Consumer Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Consumer Behavior - Essay Example 10 billion (Consumer Electronics, 2010). The market offers unique opportunities for cutting-edge consumer electronic products by serving as a platform for research & development on technology and by providing the business infrastructure to stimulate and capitalize on the concept of innovation. The citizens of UK spend more on innovative electronic products compared to any other EU country. These products include mobile handsets, HD-ready TVs and Blu-Ray players. Due to its promotions in consumer electronics UK is renowned for its innovations in engineering, electronic designs and optoelectronics as it serves a hub for the technological excellence in consumer electronics. Company Overview Meituxian (Guangzhou) Electronics Co. Ltd is a privately owned company, with its head office in Guangzhou China. The company is renowned to be high-tech enterprise with keen focus on R&D, manufacturing, sales and after sales service of its range of LCD TVs. The company has patented products which inc lude: Wardrobe LCD TV, Waterproof Mirror LCD TV, Network LCD TV and Hotel LCD TV. Since its inception in the year 2005 the company has managed to maintain a close collaboration, integrating technology exchange with domestic enterprises. The company now has well equipped facility and a high-speed automated production line. The company maintains a quality standard and adheres to ISO 9001 for the standardization of its production operations, thus ensuring to deliver high-quality products to the customer. This is quality consciousness is entrusted to the employees as â€Å"quality is the life of an enterprise†, thus bringing out the best quality in the company brand â€Å"MEIXIAN†. The company also believes in delivering technologically efficient after-sales service adhering to the philosophy of â€Å"Thoughtful, Dedicated, and Adequate† that is the preferences of the customers thus delivering more customer-centric service in order to maximize customer satisfaction (MEITUXIAN) Product Meituxian Electronics has had first-movers advantage in the industry by introducing its state-of-the art technical and innovative TV Ranges to the market. Its huge product range of LED and LCD TVs incorporates a combination of innovation and advanced technology with its integrated features. MEIXIAN TV Meituxian’s Meixian TV integrates IPTV (Internet Protocol TV) with regular TV functions. It is the TV that integrates internet and access to web channels, unlike the other TVs that have internet portal, Meixian’s service is a lot more comprehensive. It gives access to various internet channels including YouTube application, media streaming from other networks and social networking sites such as twitter and facebook on the TV screen.   The network can be accessed through a cable or a WiFi dongle that can be plugged into the USB port. The network setup is easy and user-friendly and the remote has a dedicated button to access the internet. The Aesthetic s are the ultimate feature of the TV that combine the domestic specialties

Experiment: Attractiveness Halo Effect on Human Faces

Experiment: Attractiveness Halo Effect on Human Faces Matriculation Number: 140011607 Partial Research Report Abstract The aim of this report was to test for an attractiveness halo effect on human faces. This experiment was conducted in the University of Dundee and the participants were international undergraduate students of both genders. The independent variable was the level of physical attractiveness, while the dependent variable was the estimated IQ score the participants gave to the male and female faces that have been selected at random. The hypothesis predicted that there will be an effect of attractiveness of faces on their perceived intelligence, meaning that subjects would rate highly attractive individuals with higher IQ levels and those with less attractive characteristics with lower IQ. The participants were asked to rate for attractiveness (7= very attractive and 1= not attractive at all) ten male and ten female faces shown to them that have been selected at random from a pre-existing data set and afterwards provide an estimated IQ score. The obtained results signify that there is a hi gh correlation between high attractive faces and higher IQ scores. This is in accordance with previous research, such as the attractiveness halo effect that is the tendency to assign positive personality qualities to people bases on their looks and Eagly’s (1991) research which claims that attractive people are attributed with lots of positive traits. Introduction Individuals are confronted with many serious decisions in their everyday life where they are either judging others or being judged. Langlois Kalakanis (2000) demonstrated that physical attractiveness plays a significant part in decision-making in situations such as hiring decisions, voting behavior and romantic partner choices. Physical attractiveness is a complicated concept that reflects numerous significant factors. According to Pansu Dubois (2002) facial attractiveness consists one of the main determinants of total rankings of attractiveness. Furthermore, Thornhill Gangestad, (1999) claimed that with regard to the face itself, masculinity, femininity and symmetry all rise perceived attractiveness. People that are more attractive tend to be advantaged in several critical and appraising ways. The halo effect can help interpreting the ‘what is beautiful is good’ stereotype. The halo effect is a traditional corollary in psychology. It is the idea that one personâ€⠄¢s central positive (such as attractiveness) or negative characteristic, affect another’s person’s decision about their other characteristics (for example, intelligence). According to Eagly (1991) people regularly ascribe positive traits to attractiveness and negative traits to less attractive individuals. This belief leads to erroneous judgmental, attribution errors and regular human perceptual partialities. By using practical research, Edward Thorndike was the first contending the halo effect. The definition he gave to the halo effect was ‘a question that rises in data collection when there exists a conveyance from an estimation to another’. Moreover, he conducted a study in 1920 in which commanding officers of the American army requested to classify their soldiers on groups of guidance, intelligence, character and physique. The findings of the study showed that there exists a direct interaction among all negative and all positive characteristics. After his study has been completed, Thorndike extended his first definition of the halo effect to be ‘an expansion of a total impression of an individual (or of one specific characteristic) to affect the total impression of that person’. Additionally, this is the part that has been highlighted in this research. If an individual is considered attractive then this person is deemed to possess many more positive attribute s such as intelligence. Furthermore, there is some proof that the effects of attractiveness on perceived intelligence may vary between women and men. In a study conducted by Chia, Allred, Grossnickle and Lee (1998) that was examining the effects of gender and physical attractiveness on conceptions of academic success, initiative, accomplishment related characteristics, intelligence and ascriptions of effort in respect to academic success, it was found that men and more attractive people would be assessed more positively comparably to women and less attractive people. This study relates the above research on the halo effect as its aim is to test for an attractiveness halo effect in human faces, while providing an estimated IQ score. In addition it is hypothesized that there will be an effect of attractiveness of faces on their perceived intelligence. Method Participants The target population is restricted to the opportunistic sample of 152 international undergraduate students of both genders of the University of Dundee. 103 of the people participated in the experiment were females and the other 49 were males. Materials This study is an experimental design as it has IV and DV. The independent variable is the level of physical attractiveness, while the dependent variable is the estimated IQ score the participants gave to the male and female faces that have been selected at random. The research hypothesis states that there will be an effect of attractiveness of faces on their perceived intelligence and the aim of the experiment is to test for an attractiveness halo effect in human faces. Descriptive Statistics will be used in order to test the hypothesis stated above. The materials used in this study where: Ten male faces and ten female faces have been selected at random from a pre-existing data set and displayed in a computer screen. The computer, which enable participants to see the pictures of the male and the female faces. The data collection sheet, in which participants wrote their ratings of attractiveness and the estimated IQ scores. Standardized instructions (Appendix 1). Procedure The opportunistic sample was obtained and welcomed in a silent room. Applicants were asked to sit to the desks. The experimenter informed the participants about the experiment by using a consistent set of instructions. Data collections sheets were distributed to the students. Students completed the survey by seeing the twenty different faces on the computer, rating them for attractiveness and provide an estimated IQ score for each face. After the participants completed the survey, the data collection sheets were collected by the experimenter. Once the data have been collected, faces were split into two groups based on the median of attractiveness and mean IQ score for each face was calculated. Students were debriefed about the nature of the experiment. Results Table 1 Mean number (M) of estimated IQ scores in faces with low and high attractive characteristics, plus standard deviations (SD) Table 2 Mean number (M) of estimated IQ scores in male and female faces with low and high attractive characteristics, plus standard deviations (SD) As can been seen in Table 1, faces with low attractive characteristics are estimated with lower IQ levels (M= 100.9, SD= 7.85) than faces with high attractive characteristics (M= 118.35, SD=15.55). A between-groups t-test revealed that faces with low attractive characteristics have significantly lower IQ levels than faces with high attractive characteristics, t (13.3) = -3.17, p = 0.007. As we can see in Table 2, column one, males with low face attractive characteristics are estimated with lower IQ levels (M=98.18, SD= 9.96) than males with faces with high attractive characteristics (M=129.84, SD=13.18). A between-groups t-test revealed that male faces with low attractive characteristics have significantly lower IQ levels than male faces with high attractive characteristics, t(8) = -4.29, p=0.003 As we can see in Table 2, column two, females with faces with low attractive characteristics are estimated with lower IQ levels (M=103.63, SD=4.55) than females with faces high attractive characteristics (M=106.86, SD=6.35). A between-groups t-test revealed that female faces with low attractive characteristics did not have significantly lower IQ levels than female faces with high attractive characteristics, t(8)= -0.9, p=0.38. Discussion The hypothesis that there will be an effect of attractiveness of faces on their perceived intelligence was supported. This means that participants rated people with faces with more attractive characteristics with higher IQ levels, where those with less attractive faces with lower IQ levels. This finding is similar to the study conducted by Thorndike in which he asked army officers to classify their soldiers on groups of guidance, intelligence, character and physique. The findings of the study, like in our experiment, showed that there exists a direct interaction among all negative and all positive characteristics and that participants rated more highly the ones that were more physically attractive than those who were not. The result also bolster the work of Eagly. In which is stated that people regularly mete positive traits to attractiveness and negative traits to less attractive individuals. In our example participants rated the more attractive people with higher IQ levels. Moreover, Chia, Allred, Grossnickle and Lee claimed in their study the existence of some proof that the effects of attractiveness on perceived intelligence may vary between women and men. They found that men and more attractive people would be assessed more positively comparably to women and less a ttractive people. This finding was supported in our experiment as men and more attractive individuals were rated with higher IQ levels while women and less attractive individuals were rated with lower IQ levels. In conclusion, the insinuation of our findings is that our opinion of others can be defective as a result of the tendency we have to generalize the personalities of people, or their ability to think based on positive traits they have, in this case, face physical attractiveness. References Chia, R., Allred, L., Grossnickle, W., Lee, G. (1998). The Journal of Social Psychology. Effects of Attractiveness and Gender on the Perception of Achievement Related Variables, 138(4), 471-473. Eagly, A., Makhijani, M., Ashmore, R., Longo, L. (1991). What Is Beautiful Is Good, But A Meta-Analytic Review of Research on the Physical Attractiveness Stereotype, 110(1), 109-113. Langlois, J., Kalakanis, L., Rubenstein, A., Larson, A., Hallam, M., Smoot, M. (2000). Maxims or myths of beauty? A meta-analytic and theoretical review. Psychological Bulletin, 126(3), 390-399. doi:10.1037//0033-2909.126.3.390 Nisbett, R., Wilson, T. (1977). The halo effect: Evidence for unconscious alteration of judgments. Journal Of Personality And Social Psychology, 35(4), 250-256. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.35.4.250 Shinners, E. (2009). Journal of Undergraduate Research XII. Effects Of The What Is Beautiful Is Good Stereotype On Perceived Trustworthiness, 1-3. Appendix 1 Before the begging of the experiment the experimenter gave the following instructions: â€Å"If at any time you feel uncomfortable and wish to leave the experiment you may do so.† â€Å"If at the end of the experiment you wish your results to be removed, they can be.† â€Å"All results will be kept in confidence.† â€Å"Open the computers, go to ‘My Dundee’ then to ‘Module Materials’ then to ‘Workshops’ then to ‘Research Report’ and then open the ‘Faces presentation folder’. ‘Use the data collection sheet to rate each of the faces and provide an estimated IQ score’ After completing the experiment we were asked to make sure we have completed all sections of the data collection sheet The final instruction was to close the PowerPoint and log out of My Dundee. Appendix 2 Raw Data

Thomas Berry :: essays research papers

Human Condition Through Thomas Berry   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Normally, I don’t agree with Thomas Berry, but I agree with his quote â€Å"†¦inner anxiety and even†¦doubt ourselves and the meaning of it all.† Thomas Berry put the dimension of contemporary existence, future orientation, and placed it in what I consider a perfect statement. When we hit this realization of perplexity within our future, we will be in such awe. People will become over capacitated with the diversity of every day life. We will deviate into a whole different culture. Thomas Berry’s statement was well conceived.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As in human condition, the journey symbol portrays an internal struggle. Also it depicts some form of transformation. Another thing appearing in both is a theme of endearing negativity. We know, or thing we know, all that we have is adequate. He puts this in a sense of hysteria with what we incur during our journey. He tells us that we live n an unacceptable situation and that we must undergo transformation. In my experiences, I have not yet covered this conflict in the large scale he puts it on.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  When referring to spirituality, I believe that Berry places a strong emphasis on faith. In order for us to encompass happiness we must have a strong divinity towards spirituality. Spirituality in a certain religion. Spirituality in ourselves, others, etc. We also must have an awareness for the other divinities. The usual sense of religion relates to a general sense of faith. It is less than expected to pay homage to your god or belief. Berry’s sense of religion inquires that belief of faith as well.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I don’t agree with Berry’s view on spirituality. I feel as though his belief would make all that I learned redundant. I feel as though people holding this view have either a horrible view on life or are stuck in a religious domicile. In his writings, Berry makes it seem like joy is not meaningful unless there is a downside to it.

OCR Nationals double award promoting health and well being Essay

According to the above figures given in the above Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, each aspect has been given a position in order of their importance placing the most important one at the bottom. This makes it clear that everything, (regardless the level of their importance) is important to us. There are different ways to keep up the health status up to the standard such as using medication, being on healthy diet, getting enough rest and doing appropriate exercise. After having an observational research on health and its definitions, I would conclude that to keep up appropriate health we should have healthy lifestyle in terms of physical, intellectual, emotional and social aspects. Well-being As this unit is based on promoting health and well-being, it is highly important to have concerns on well-being as well. According to the World Health Organisation, well-being explains our happiness, confidence, physical condition and general outlook of our life. It is about caring ourselves and feeling good. Well-being and living healthily go hand-in-hand. It goes beyond eating a balanced diet and taking regular exercises. It is about being aware about our life and reducing the risks of diseases. Our daily routine could decide the state of our well-being. (Bib. 4)Great Britain is a multi cultural society. The culture is a way, which is followed by a group of people. They eat, dress, behave and believe in the same way. It may be unique to that particular group. It affects their way of life and therefore their health as well. It is very important that the health care sector and the organisations respect beliefs of each culture. For example, a Christian faith group, Jehovah’s Witness urge their follower’s to refuse blood transfusions. (Bib. 12) But according to medical science, blood transfusions can save a person’s life. In another instance, Muslims don’t take pork, although animal flesh is a good source of protein. Proteins are needed for the build up of our muscles. To work properly and to be physically fit, we need to have healthy muscles. Therefore this can affect their physical health. Sometimes, the people chose to be vegetarians or vegans either following their religion or for their personal beliefs. This can lead them to be lack of proteins, as meat, eggs and other animal products are good sources of proteins. As said before, protein is very important even for making hormones. This is vital for our growth. Therefore where the PIES are concerned, it is clear that not taking animal products could also affect a person’s development. Further, this can lead our intellectual development to grow less as well because a good physical health is important to have a good memory and thinking. Another example of how different cultures consider is the fasting practise of Muslims. However, it is not good for our health to get rid of meals because it has been found that this can lead to weight loss, stomach problems including ulceration, dehydration and also changes have been observed in daily lifestyle and mental-health status. (Bib. 5) Apparently, looking at our PIES it is clear from the above disorders that this can also affect both our physical and mental health. Nevertheless, as it is linked to their culture and tradition, they don’t bother much about their health. Further, covering their body by Muslim ladies could lead to vitamin D deficiency as they are not exposed enough to sunlight causing possible rickets. On the other hand, this could be positive to avoid unnecessary exposure to sunlight avoiding risks of skin cancers. So it is clear that the cultural belief and the person’s background can affect their health positively as well. Being a Buddhist, I believe it is not right taking alcohol and drugs for a healthy life. This is another example, which shows how the background of people affects their way of thinking. As different cultures and religions consider health in different ways, it is important that doctors should be aware of cultural beliefs when treating patients. According to the beliefs and places of living of a person may cause them to have less access to medical treatments. For example, a study carried out among the people living in Southern Virginia has found out that they were lacking of medical knowledge and that they distrusted the physicians. They have claimed that most of their people were obsessed and they liked to eat much but not doing exercise. Although it wasn’t said in the study report what foods they ate, I thought that they might be eating too fatty and sugary foods, as they are some causes of obesity. Further, I got to know by reading the study, that these Virginians didn’t discuss health problems with outsiders. It is also said that this may be due to the lack of medical knowledge. I thought this might prevent them from getting suitable care. As the people distrusted the specialist, they do not take medicines prescribed by them. They think that these drugs may cause addiction. In addition, according to the participants in the study, there is a lack of American-born physicians. At the same time, the people in the area were having some concerns in meeting foreign-born physicians. This cultural difference between the patient and the provider has been identified as a barrier, which prevents the patients getting medial care. (Bib. 6) I thought this to be a good example to show the effects of cultural beliefs on people and their health. In third world countries, the people might not be in good hygienic conditions such as less purified water systems, poor housing and air pollution. This could also lead to illnesses and diseases. Some other examples of how different cultures look at their health are the Chinese treatments and the way some cultures treat patients using plants and herbs found from the forests. Although people from different cultures look at health in different ways, each person’s health is alike and will be affected in the same way. Therefore, it is important that we look at it in a positive manner.

Human Resource Planning and Development The WritePass Journal

Human Resource Planning and Development Introduction: Human Resource Planning and Development Introduction:Task 1 :Task 2 :   A)  Ã‚  Ã‚   Recruitment selection and retention:2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Job description security guard:B)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Retention:C )  Ã‚   Legal and ethical issues considered during the recruitment:Task 3:a)b)Conclusion:Bibliography:Related Introduction: Tesco is largest present day British retailer. Started by Mr. jack Cohen from small grocery stall in east London in 1919. The Tesco brand appeared five years later in 1924 as a result of Mr. T. E. Stockwell brought consignment of tea. Tesco name designed by combining the initial letters Te- s- co in 1929 to open first Tesco store in Burnt oak , North London.(source: www.thetimes100.co.uk) Since then Tesco expanding by getting hold to the market by understanding customers need in the right way. In the United Kingdom Today Tesco have more than 2200 stores (source:www.thetimes100.co.uk). From large hyper market Tesco Direct   to small Tesco Express. By maintaining the variety product range from grocery to general merchandise. Tesco diversified their business in sectors like electrical good, telephone equipment, banking , airtime, insurance services and now a day Tesco providing electronic shopping     service via their web site to attract their customers, achieving their primary aim ‘to serve customers’ (Source:www.thetimes100.co.uk) As the company grown up and spread worldwide from one man and one stall. Its efficient work force also amplified. (sourse:www.thetimes100.co.uk). Task 1 : Human Resource management Personnel management is old style name of HR management. HRM is particularly focused to develop peoples and nurture to achieve organisational goal. Traditional view of HR have mainly four objectives. Staffing objective: Staffing make sure that   make   right staff   available for right work at the correct time. By means of that identifying feature of the job and executing   recruitment process, select to assure correct match and retaining the same. Performance objective: once staff is at right position they need to encourage to perform. This is achieved by development process, giving target and appraisal system. . Change management objective: These   needs if organisation are in constantly developing   in modern competitive world . Administrative objectives: These need to fulfil for organisation to run smoothly. These include paying the employee regularly, Employment legislation needs. Maintain     proper and accurate records. Administration also deals with the legislation, equal opportunity, managing diversity, and also with recruitment, retaliation , training and rewards. (Blosi,W,2007) Human resource activities: Strategic HR management, following the equal opportunity employment, fulfil the staffing need of the organisation, human resource development, Dealing with the compensation and benefits to the staff. Dealing with health, safety and security aspects, performance management. General goals of HR are enhancing productivity and quality, complying with legal and social obligations, promoting individual growth and development and make progress in organisational effectiveness. Personnel Management: Personnel management is term which   describe the policies of the organisation, and process to manage   people at work . It is old fashion name of the human resource management. It works in same fashion to HRM   strategy and the business strategy. It state that line manager is responsible for managing peoples. personnel management is activity aimed primarily at non managers .it influenced line management. Legge (1989) Difference between Human resource management and personnel management Human resource models: Number   of models are available for human resource management. Matching Model: Fombrun et al.’s(1984) focus on the resource feature of HRM. and use   peoples towards objectives. HR should be get cheaply and use to the fullest. (source: Fombrun et al.’s(1984)) HR   should be managed according to organisational strategy. The matching model say’s that   human resource cycle consists of standard functions. (Fombrun et al.’s(1984)) That is selection of most appropriate resource. Proper Appraisal depending on performance, Rewards for achievement to encourage future performance and fourth is development developing high quality employee through training. Fombrun et al.’s(1984) Harvard frame work model: Depend on view point , how organisation want to see employees   and their development. It underline the human aspect. related to organisation-employee relationship. It also consider the interest of shareholders related to objectives of organisation Ref: Beer et.al (1984) Model based on the four policies: Human resource flow in the organisation, reward system fallowed by management, influence of the employee and work system in the organisation. Ref: Beer et.al (1984) The result that   HR policies need to attain are commitment, competence, equivalence and cost effectiveness to maintain mutual trust and improve performance. Line managers   set HR policies. Ref: Beer et.al (1984) It is extended through four policies first is setting   goal. Integration of strategies, highly   commitment to the goal, And giving high quality. Ref: Beer et.al (1984) Task 2 :    A)  Ã‚  Ã‚   Recruitment selection and retention: For new store I need to ensure the exact number of staff at right work at perticular time. For the new store staff will be required for different activities.   As the store is in the small village I should select the staff from same locality, considering their availability for job and cost. For Recruitment first step is to understand the job requirement. Nature of the job. Then the method   to recruit them. Internal recruitment   : process in which current employees looking to move to the new store either at same position or on promotion. Internal recruitment helps to motivate for promotion and to improve performance. I first look for the employees internally from the database of the Tesco. (Source: www.thetimes100.co.uk) External recruitment: It is fulfil the position by recruiting the staff .Once decided to recruit selection of appropriate candidate and following cost effective method is important. (Source : www.thetimes100.co.uk ) For a new store I require line managers, Sales assistant, Check out staff, stock handlers, supervisors, warehouse employees, security, cleaner. Line managers :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (05) Sales assistant :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (25) Check out staff:  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  (15) Warehouse employees:  Ã‚  Ã‚   (15) Stock handlers:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (20) Security:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (10) Cleaner:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   (10) Job description: 1)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sales assistance: Job Title: sales assistance Responsible to: shop manager Hours : 45 per week Typical work activities include Customer handling in all areas of sales Should match and sets sales targets in busy and pressured environment. Giving suggestion   to the customers Handling   customer   complaints. Arranging delivery dates . awareness of particular retail area may be required for some roles. Successful sales assistant should have   good negotiation skill. (Sourse lorriaine, 2009) (Source: www.prospects.ac.uk) Person Specification: Sales Assistant Essential Should have Experience of working within a   sales field. To be honest, dealing of cash and card handling. Should   have excellent communication skills Should have understanding   of   customer care. Desirable: Experience in working with  Ã‚   a similar shop. Experience in working as volunteer. Knowledge   of Health and Safety issues. (www.greenandaway.org) 2)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Job description security guard: Job   Title:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   security guard Reporting to : line manager Hours :  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   full time Patrolling of premises to insure security of doors, windows and gates Monitoring and authorization of   entrance and departure of employees. Reporting   of daily activities and irregularities. Call police or fire department in case of emergency Inspecting     and adjust the functions of security systems, equipments, and machinery. (Sourece:www.careerplanner.com) Personnel specification for security guard: Recruitment process involves Advertisement of the job, Inviting applications, screening of application, Interview, Selection of   the appropriate candidate. Advertisement: Advertisement of the job vacancy is crucial to attract the right candidate. Advertise the vacancy through internet, News papers, TV, radio, educational institutions , Public employment agencies, labour union. For new Tesco store I will advertise the vacancy on the Tesco carrier website and in local news papers, and putting the   advertise on the site location as well as in the central place in that village.   As   peoples   of that village are not well familiar with the use of modern technology like internet. Considering these facts I decided to put advertise in the village. Application forms : from the advertisement peoples will apply for the suitable post. After dead line of submitting the applications I will collect all the applications for further process. Screening of the applications ; from the all applicants CV I will scrutinise the appropriate applications and send letters to the selected candidates inviting them for interview. Interview: It is the most important stage of recruitment. For interview planning some issues must be considered like schedule of interview, Panel for interview, setting the room for interview. number of candidates etc. Assessment of candidate   can be made by   tests and interview Employment tests used to judge a person’s knowledge, skills and other characteristics. Different tests are ability tests like aptitude tests, Physical ability tests, Job knowledge test and Work sampler test Interview : After the tests the number of candidates short listed is relatively low as they can be easily interviewed and easy to judge right candidate. At the time of interview candidates is first time face to face. you can assess by asking the set of questions to candidate. We can gather more information about them. Questions about their qualification, experience, skills, hobbies interests, and personnel   and family background etc. After interview we get clear idea about the applicants. From them appropriate candidates are selected. Then successful candidates are offered a job. B)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Retention: Once the successful candidates are appointed it is very important to keep staff turn over very low to keep the cost down. As recruitment process is very costly. Retention is process by which staff is maintained within the organisation. As a long term policy of HR. Technical and talented staff is asset for organisation. Furthermore organisation have invested money on recruitment , training and development . Pay : Rising pay level reduce staff turnover. Payment is first aspect responsible for staff turnover .so it is important to give right pay level and increment to staff. (Sturges and guest 1999,p.19) Managing expectations: As organisation expect performance from the employee. Employee also expect from the organisation certain things like work environment, job satisfaction, and other facilities. We should understand their expectations and manage them timely. (Jenner and Tayler 2000,p.155) Appraisal: appraisal is process when you discuss the performance of employee. What is performance during the last year or specific time. Whether it is satisfactory or not. Then giving the pay rise or benefits for doing well and motivates them for future tasks. Induction: Effective timely induction to staff is necessary. So that staff can learn new things new roles in various sections and know more which can give him job satisfaction. Family friendly HR practise must be fallowed. Training and development: Training to the staff must be given time to time regarding their job. So they can improve their knowledge and get opportunity to develop and learn new things and skills. (Green   et al.2000,pp 267-72) Improvement in the quality of the line management C )  Ã‚   Legal and ethical issues considered during the recruitment:    Employment protection act 1978: According to employment protection act 1978 after selection procedure offer of employment will be made at that time it is up to the applicant whether to accept it or reject it. Terms and contracts of employment must be clearly defined. also it must contain job title and date of commencement. Terms of payment is clearly mentioned. It also must contain details about working hours , Number of   holidays given, Pay of the   sick leaves , and pension. It must   provide details of termination. It should also contain disciplinary   procedures. (source:www.opsi.gov.uk) Sex discrimination act 1975: It is against law to discriminate by gender. men and women should be considered equally in all conditions of employment. Organisation must provide equal terms and conditions of employment. This act applies to all sectors. Law applies for both direct or indirect discrimination. (source:www.opsi.gov.uk) Race relation Act1976: According to race relation act 1976 one cannot discriminate on racial grounds and racial groups related to colour ,race ,religion ,nationality ,ethnic origin. (source:www.opsi.gov.uk) Equal pay act 1970: The act says to stop discrimination in terms of   payment. Men and women employed should paid equally in the same work. (Source:www.opsi.gov.uk) Disability discrimination act: This act is in forced to protect disabled peoples. Disabled peoples should not be discriminated when they apply   for job. Law state that they should get chance to give interview. Place where they doing job   must be made accessible to them. (Source:www.opsi.gov.uk) Rehabilitation of offenders Act1974: This act is made to rehabilitation of convicted peoples. Law says that conviction of imprisonment for more than 30 months may be erased. if the offender does not commit further serious offence during rehabilitation he is eligible and we cannot discriminate him. (Source:www.opsi.gov.uk) Task 3: a) Paul is 44 year old supervisor. It has been reported that recently he is coming late to the work and living early. He is working for Tesco since last 22 years but now   days he is not disciplinary in his work. This has happen to him recently living early and coming late to work regularly specially on the Monday. When the complaint comes to me I call Mr.Paul in office and discuss the problem with him I enquire about his irregularities in work and whether he have any problem. He did not give any specific reason. So I give him first verbal warning and ask him to be regular. After first warning I observe him for next three months. I gave him chance to overcome. But within these next three months he didn’t improve.   So I call him again and give him second verbal warning   Ã‚  told him that if you don’t improve this time I will take action. This time I told him that if he wants to bring a friend with him he can bring or if he wants to come with any union representative. Gave him another chance for next three months for improvement But within these three months his improvement was not satisfactory so this is the time for me to give him written warning. So I call him and told him to bring one witness with him friend, relative or a union person. He came with union person. I discuss his problem in front of union person and give written warning that it is his last chance for improvement if didn’t   improve I will take action against him. The union representative   try to cover him and told me that give him chance this time he will improve. He also told that he had some personal and family problems that’s     why he is not regular and unable to concentrate in his work. The union representative   assure me that this time he will improve. So I again keep him under observation. Till this time I document all that had happened and collect   the evidences recorded like his in time and out time to the job. So that it is useful for me to take further action. And observe him for next three months. This time I recognise improvement in his behaviour, he is coming in time and also going on time. Also his awareness of job is   improved. So there is no need to take the case to the next level. b) Sheena is 28 years of old and she is a machine operator in a packaging department. Security staff reported me that he found her stealing some finished products and partly finished products. She is working for company since last 3 years. She has been told to report me next morning at 9.00 am. I took this complaint seriously when she came to my office I ask her about the incident and the explanation regarding to case. But as she has caught red handed she does not have any explanation. As it is first time I gave her strict verbal warning.   I told security staff to keep close watch on her. For a few days her behaviour is normal but one day I again got complaint against her about stealing of   Ã‚  partly finished goods. So this time I called her and told to bring any friend or relative or union representative with her. She came with union representative. I discuss the case with them. As case is very serious but union representative wants me to give her another chance and he is strongly defending her. So this time I gave her a written warning in front of union representative. And also tell them that she is not going to work in the same department. I transferred her to another department where only raw material is processed. So that   she has nothing to steal there. And also warn her that it is her last chance. I document all the events and evidence to support the case and told security to keep watch on her. I gave her another chance to improve. But she does not improved after one month I got complaint against her this time I decided to take the case to next level. I collect all evidence and write a notice to her. The notice must be given by hand or by recorded post. So I called her to collect the notice and told her if she wants come with someone with her. She came with union representative. As a evidence one person must be there and it must be recorded. I told union representative that it is very serious matter and we have given her chance to improve but she did not. So there is no other alternative. I have to terminate her. But union representative is arguing with me but she does not have any strong point to defend her. So now the time to give her letter and sack. But union representative request me   not to sack her otherwise her carrier may be in dark as she is young and no one will take to her for next job. So consider about her future. Then I told her to resign and she resigned from the job. Conclusion: Setting of work force is most important part for any business. To fulfil   the demand of the staff. It consists of recruitment of new staff, selecting the appropriate staff. Train the existing staff. Motivate to work to achieve organisational target. And retain the staff. Tesco have many job opportunities. Always need people with correct skills to maintain the development. Tesco has very good organisational configuration for carry out job. Tesco have clear, easy and well defined procedure of recruitment and selection. So can manage   its changing demand for the staff. Recommendation: As Tesco is developing very fast they must manage and maintain the work force. Tesco is spreading their wings in rural areas and villages to different countries. It must require additional work force so they should maintain the present staff. Train them to develop. Most important is to attract new innovative talent to their organisation. Specially recruit   young staff management students. They should search from different colleges and also the trainee graduates. Understand the different needs of the different locality. And Tesco should enter in many other new fields of retailing to fulfil the customers all needs. Bibliography: 1.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Blosi,W.(2007),†An introduction to human resource management†, Berkshire,McGraw-Hill Education. 2.  Ã‚  Ã‚   Sission,K.(1989).†Personnel management in Britain†, basil Blackwell Ltd. 3.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Trorrington,D.(2008 7th ed),â€Å"Human resource management†, England, Pearson. 4  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   .Yeung,R.(2008),†Successful Interviewing and recruitment†, Kogan page limited. 5.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Times 100 website: www.thetimes100.co.uk 6.   thetimes100.co.uk/case-studyrecruitment-selection1323231.php 7.prospects.ac.uk/p/types_of_job/retail_sales_assistant_job_description.jsp 8. careerplanner.com/Job-Descriptions/Security-Guards.cfm 9. www.greenandaway.org/objects/sust/SalesAssistPersonSpec.pdf 10. www.devonjobs.gov.uk/attachments/1263/TBE7141PS.doc 11.opsi.gov.uk/RevisedStatutes/Acts/ukpga/1978/cukpga_19780044_en1 12.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1975/pdf/ukpga_19750065_en.pdf 13.opsi.gov.uk/RevisedStatutes/Acts/ukpga/1976/cukpga_19760074_en1 14. www.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1970/pdf/ukpga_19700041_en.pdf 15.opsi.gov.uk/acts/acts1995/ukpga_19950050_en_1 16.opsi.gov.uk/RevisedStatutes/Acts/ukpga/1974/cukpga_19740053_en1

Free Essays on Story Of An Hour

of Mrs. Mallard, one might come to the conclusion that it was in fact horror and disappointment the he was still alive and well. In the first part of the story, Mrs. Mallard talks of how she did love her husband. She mentions that her husband â€Å"never looked save with love upon her.† This comment leads the reader to believe that her husband was only kind and love to her. It also seems she loves him because she admits that she will â€Å"weep when she saw the kind and tender hand folded in death.† If he had ever been mean to her or harmed her in anyways she would not show so much emotion at his funeral. In the same subtle fashion as Chopin hints at love, she shows us how unhappy Mrs. Mallard was. When she goes up to her room alone, the window can be taken as a representation as to what is ahead of her. Through the window she sees â€Å"trees all a quiver with the new spring life†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and she smells â€Å"the delicious breath of rain†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This all represents the new fresh life that she may be about to start, full of new things and fresh and different things. She hopes for all these things because she has been forced to remain in the same schedule and lifestyle for so long. She now can be happy in her life and live it for her and no one else. The worries she had of her husband and what’d he say or do to every action of hers is now no longer a consideration.... Free Essays on Story Of An Hour Free Essays on Story Of An Hour Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of an Hour† was written in the late 1800’s when male domination was conventional. This short story depicts the typical life and marriage of a woman in this time era. Most women led oppressed lives, and catered to their authoritative husbands. One can infer, that Mrs. Mallard was bonded to the institution of marriage through her husband, society and the church. Chopin’s, â€Å"The Story of an Hour† expresses a woman’s desire for independence. This is clearly evident within the physical, and emotional setting of the story. Within the opening paragraphs of the short story Chopin notes that Mrs. Mallard suffers from heart trouble. The heart is a vital organ within the human body but it is also the center for one’s thoughts, feelings, and emotions. Clearly, Mrs. Mallard’s heart and soul were â€Å"aching†. Chopin notes, that Mrs. Mallard suffered from physical exhaustion that pressed down upon her after hearing the news of the death of her husband. The â€Å"dead weight† which pressed down upon her body crushed her own sense of being. Apparently, Mrs. Mallard had a young, fair, and calm face. This may indicate that she was fairly young in age. Her physical attributes may symbolize the status that she attained within her society and marriage. Did they view this grown woman as a mere child with no decision making power? Chopin notes that Mrs. Mallard’s hands would have been powerless, white, and slender One receives the mental images of snow white, lifeless, ice-cold hands that belong to a corpse. It foreshadows the inevitable death that will occur in order for Mrs. Mallard to get her freedom. Either, she will pass on to receive the ultimate freedom of eternal life or Mr. Mallard will pass on and allow her to experience â€Å"hands on† the world that surrounded her. Mrs. Mallard’s eyes were described as containing a vacant stare, and containing a look of terror. As the saying goes, â€Å"The eye... Free Essays on Story Of An Hour In Story of an Hour by Kate Chopin, one question remains with the reader after finishing the story. What was the true reason for Mrs. Mallard’s death? Was it the horror at seeing her husband again or was it the joy of knowing he was alive? With a deeper look into the actions and words of Mrs. Mallard, one might come to the conclusion that it was in fact horror and disappointment the he was still alive and well. In the first part of the story, Mrs. Mallard talks of how she did love her husband. She mentions that her husband â€Å"never looked save with love upon her.† This comment leads the reader to believe that her husband was only kind and love to her. It also seems she loves him because she admits that she will â€Å"weep when she saw the kind and tender hand folded in death.† If he had ever been mean to her or harmed her in anyways she would not show so much emotion at his funeral. In the same subtle fashion as Chopin hints at love, she shows us how unhappy Mrs. Mallard was. When she goes up to her room alone, the window can be taken as a representation as to what is ahead of her. Through the window she sees â€Å"trees all a quiver with the new spring life†¦Ã¢â‚¬  and she smells â€Å"the delicious breath of rain†¦Ã¢â‚¬  This all represents the new fresh life that she may be about to start, full of new things and fresh and different things. She hopes for all these things because she has been forced to remain in the same schedule and lifestyle for so long. She now can be happy in her life and live it for her and no one else. The worries she had of her husband and what’d he say or do to every action of hers is now no longer a consideration.... Free Essays on Story Of An Hour The short story â€Å" Story of an Hour† written by Kate Chopin takes place in the early 1900’s in the US. The story is based on a woman’s struggle for freedom in a time where their husbands suppressed most women intellectually, and in extracurricular activities were rare for them to practice. The main character, Louise Mallard, is a young woman who suffers from a weak heart and is about to acknowledge really hard information about her husband. One day, her husband’s friend Richard was at the newspaper office when unexpected information arrived at the office. A train accident had happen and his friend Brently Mallard was on top of the list of casualties. Quickly he informs the news to Josephine, who is Louise’s sister. Both of them try to break up the news to Louise as soft and unclear as possible. When she finally understands the story she becomes paralyzed. After a few seconds she burst into tears. In her head everything has gone wrong, she feels abandoned and physically she has no energy when she is in her sister’s arms. Then, she storms to her room alone and doesn’t let anybody to follow her. In her room, alone, acing at the window sitting at a convertible arm – chair. She still feels tired in body and soul. Then she goes to sleep, and starts thinking of the repression and lack of freedom of her marriage. She started to reflect. There was something that she has waiting for a long time, but she is fearful and insecure about it. When she is thinking of her new life ahead, a word comes out of her mouth as she whispers something that she doesn’t expect: â€Å"Free.† She repeats this two or three times and then she feels terror. All this years she felt like a prisoner, powerless against her husband and now, she is free at last. Her heart is beating fast and her blood is warm. At this moment, Louse is happy her life has more meaning she is now independent, something that most of the women in her times can... Free Essays on Story Of An Hour The protagonist character Louise Mallard in Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of An Hour† portrays a wife’s unexpected response to her husband’s death. The narrator divulges to the reader modest but convincing hints of Mrs. Mallards newly discovered freedom. This newly discovered freedom would be short lived for Mrs. Mallard. Mrs. Mallard, who suffers from heart disease, was portrayed as an average wife who breaks down into a fit of distress from the fateful news of her husband’s death. She retreats to her room to come to grips with the tragedy but finds instead something unexpected in herself. The tears and emotions soon turned to confusion as Mrs. Mallard came to realize the reality that she was not necessarily crying over the loss of her husband but of his death. Mrs. Mallard admits that Mr. Mallard is a good husband but that she detests the bondage of being husband and wife and she no longer wants the will of another forced upon her. The time of her new found freedom was revealed w! hen she begins to whisper â€Å"free† over and over to denote that she is no longer under the will of another person. The depth of Louise’s bondage known as marriage was more than she could stand and she was wishing for a short-lived life just the day before the accident. With her husbands death she was wishing for a long life to enjoy her newfound freedom. Mr. Mallard is not the tyrant who holds Louise in this bondage but instead it was the institution of marriage itself that entraps her. The imagery in the story helps set her characters new found freedom from the trees â€Å"aquiver† with new life denoting her new found life to the cloud’s shadow representing her married life casting shadows on her happiness. The conflict that Louise Mallard feels is not with her husband or herself but that of the cultural institution of marriage. This conflict was so profoundly ingrained in Louise that when she discovers that her husband was not dead and she was... Free Essays on Story Of An Hour Kate Chopin’s â€Å"The Story of and Hour†, deals with emotions felt by one character that are completely misunderstood by the other characters in the story. Mrs. Mallard’s actions and how she is feeling end up being extremely ironic and comes to a shock to the reader. News of her husband’s death had not yet reached Mrs. Mallard yet and friends and family wanted to break the information to her as gently as possible. The characters all know that Mrs. Mallard has heart trouble and any upsetting news might not be good for her. What they didn’t know is that Mrs. Mallard’s feelings for her husband weren’t as strong and deep as they had all thought. When they break the news to her, â€Å"She did not hear the story as many women have heard the same, with a paralyzed inability to accept its significance. She started to weep. When she was done crying, she went away to her room alone and had no one follow her. She sat there alone, motionless, with an occasional sob. Mrs. Mallard then starts to think. She is sitting in the chair and staring off into the blue sky. Then at one instance she begins to notice something coming to her. â€Å"She was beginning to recognize this thing that was approaching to possess her, and she was striving to beat it back with her will as powerless as her two white slender hands would have been.† She kept saying over and over again, â€Å"free, free, free!† Her pulse started to beat fast and her body started to warm. She was excited. Of course Mrs. Mallard would weep at the funeral with the sight of her dead husband, but she was looking beyond that point. She was looking at those coming years where there would be nobody to live for except herself and she loved it. â€Å"Free! Body and soul free!† she kept whispering. â€Å"Louise then immediately recognizes her two selves and comprehends how each will co-exist, the old finally giving way to the one new self. Mrs. Mallard will grieve for the husba... Free Essays on Story Of An Hour In reading â€Å"The Story of an Hour† by Kate Chopin, I found that there was very much symbolism in the selection, and that a closer look must be taken in order to see the true meaning of the story. The first sentence of the story â€Å"knowing that Mrs. Mallard was afflicted with heart trouble, great care was taken to break to her as gently as possible the news of her husbands death.† The first thing we are told about the main character is that she has a bad heart. It seems that people would see Mrs. Mallard as a weak and fragile woman. I personally got an image of an old lady, which I later figured she wasn’t that old. Her heart condition could show that she has had a hard life, and has an old soul. When she first heard the bad news, â€Å"she wept at once, with sudden, wild abandonment..† Her reaction shows that she is a touchy person, a lot more then I would have thought. Yet while other wives could not accept the fact that their husbands were dead, she took to it immediately and began the whole â€Å"grieving† process all at once. As she sits alone crying about her now late husband, she sat in the armchair facing the window and had a feeling that â€Å"haunted her body and seemed to reach into her soul.† This seems like she is feeling the hold her husnbad had on her that she couldn’t seem to escape even after he’s gone. The haunting her body can be thought of as physical abuse. â€Å"The new spring life† could represent the new life she could have now that he;s gone. The peddler crying symbolizes her old life and how she felt during the years of her marriage. Though she did love her husband, him being gone gave her the freedom to do as she pleased, not as he commanded. She begins to feel something come over her and â€Å"she was striving to beat it back with her will.† I later learned that it is the word â€Å"free† that came over her, and that she was â€Å"as powerless as her two white slender hands would hav... Free Essays on Story Of An Hour The Story of an Hour (Essay #3) Is there an â€Å"appropriate† way society expects one to act when a loved one passes away? In the short story, â€Å"The Story of an Hour,† Louise Mallard finds out that her husband passes away, but instead of showing remorse, she is overjoyed at the fact that she is finally free. â€Å"She said it over and over under her breath: ‘free, free, free!’† (Chopin 11). Now is that considered a â€Å"normal† reaction to first finding out that your husband is dead? Well, in today’s society it would be considered immoral to act in the respect Mrs. Mallard did and she would probably be suspected of having something to do with his murder. Back in the late 1800s, on the other hand, it might have been considered â€Å"normal† the way Louise acted because women were, so to say, â€Å"tied down† and their husbands dominated their lives. As time progresses, people’s views of the role of the women change respectively with it . This aspect and way of thinking portrays the constant change of view society has on women. People who were brought up in the same time period as Mrs. Mallard may not have viewed her reaction as unsympathetic as someone who has been brought up in a later generation would. On a personal note, her reaction to her husband’s death is selfish, unnatural, insensitive, and heartless. It is apparent that she was not content with her marriage because if she were, she would not be overwhelmed with happiness over his death. In first finding out of Mr. Mallard’s death, she weeps and goes off into her room by herself to sob. Then she suddenly gets a feeling of freedom inside her and she felt guilty at first for feeling this way and tried to fight it, but then she just let it take her over. She realized that there would be no one for her to live for beside herself and there was no reason for her to feel a sense of inferiority. â€Å"And yet she had loved him-sometimes. Often she had not. ... Free Essays on Story Of An Hour The Story of an Hour â€Å"The Story of an Hour† is emphatically a coming of age anecdote, written by Kate Chopin in eighteen ninety-four. Louise Mallard is the variance protagonist of â€Å"The Story of an Hour,† who is faced with her husband Richard’s death, in a time when women had to have a man in their lives in order to be respected and survive. Chopin explores how Mrs. Mallard, a woman, who is married can still feel emotionally starved and caged in her role in being a devoted wife that her husband oppressed upon her. The title â€Å"The Story of an Hour† first of all reflects how time is an untamed animal that picks and chooses its victims. Theirs is not a way to know when and where time will strike, but when it does something that seems so horrible and awful could end up being the light at the end of the tunnel you where looking for. Also the title shows how fast life can take away everything leaving a dejected and miserable feel to it. Then in just a few hours or minutes be full of adventure, possibilities and experience ahead in the future in a very few moments. Which was what Mrs. Mallard experienced as she â€Å"shuddered that life might be long,† but in on instant of a few breaths her whole outlook of life took towards more enthusiastic, exhilaration and pleasure full experience (19). Also, through out the story Chopin points out that there was some possible abuse with the disposition. Although it isn’t for sure what kind of abuse, the way Chopin handles Mrs. Mallard’s character it hints to more as of a poignant exploitation of the temperament. As with the phrase â€Å"the face the never looked save with love upon her,† Chopin starts to get little more descriptive of how Mrs. Mallard felt in her husbands care (13). In turn that also brings up the fact that what looks bravura on the outside could very will be someone’s hell that is tormenting him or her on the inside with everyday the passes by. â€Å"The Story...

Islam Afterlife Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Islam Afterlife - Essay Example Muslims who has followed the teachings of Islam will go to Heaven which is a perfect secure place for rest and peace. And people who has not followed the Islam and ignored Allah’s teachings will be sent to Hell as punishment. From the teachings of our beloved Holy Prophet (SAW), it becomes clear that after the end of an individual in fact take him/her to be lifeless, but that person remains alive. Life after death is entirely dissimilar from this life. The interval between death and Day of Judgment is called ‘Barzakh’. Imam Bukhari reported that Hazrat Aiesha (R.A) said that the Prophet Mohammad (P.B.U.H) said: â€Å"Destroyed is the one who has his account settled on the Day of Judgment†, Aiesha (R.A) said: â€Å"O Messenger of Allah, didn’t Allah says: â€Å"Then He who give his records in his right hand soon will his account be taken by easy reckoning†. The Prophet (P.B.U.H) replied: â€Å"This is the skimming through the deeds; and destr oyed is the one who has his account settled on the Day of Judgment.† After this worldly life, every person will be equal before Allah. No any king will be superior than his slave; a slave also can be a king by doing good deeds or by follow Islam sincerely. And a king can remain a king if he is kind and helpful to his people. In the graveyard when an individual is buried, two Angels will be sent by Allah in the graveyard. One angel will be ‘Munkir’ and the other will be ‘Nakir’. There are some specific questions according to the meaning of Ayaat of Quran-e-Pak which will be asked by angel. Questions will be â€Å"What do you know about the messenger (prophet P.B.U.H) of Allah†? â€Å"Who is your Lord†? Than they will ask over that â€Å"What is your religion†? And â€Å"Who is your Prophet†? The dead body will reply all their questions. If the dead body will be a Muslim, he/she will be gifted. And if he/she is a non-Muslim h e will be punished by answering incorrect. Angles will send his/her soul according to his deeds, if he will be a good man he will be sent in heaven, otherwise thrown in hell. This world is a great test world for all human beings. A good person will be in heaven and a bad person will be thrown into hell. Hell is a place where Allah keeps their bad human beings. There is a big reward hereafter, alike punishment is also brutal. Hell is a big space in which millions of peoples can be punished at once. Hell is full of fire which is fanned for millions of years. Fire is fanned till the Day of Judgment. All the persons with sins will be thrown into it and will be punished till his punishment ends. All the doors of forgiveness will be closed on the Day of Judgment. No one can be escaped. It will be on the sky, how could anyone one be escaped. All the things will be done according to the order of Allah. Paradise (Jannah) is the place made for those people who are beloved to Allah through the ir actions. Such bounties are there which nobody can imagine, no mind can perceive, no ears had ever heard. People in Jannah will spend their time with full joy and peace. Their every will be come true which was unaccepted on earth. Heaven is a beautiful, calm and secure place which will be full of beautiful hurs (fair, beautiful females) wearing fine silk gowns with wide lovely eyes. Milk streams will float everywhere. No sense of fatigue will touch there. People will be never asked to leave from there.

How and in what ways are race,age and gender important factors for Essay

How and in what ways are race,age and gender important factors for understanding the development and operation of the criminal justice system in England and wal - Essay Example In this context, race, age and gender become important because while a prisoner is certainly placed under boundaries of law, s/he does not stop being a human being and it must be noted that s/he has the same right to be treated humanely and with as much importance as those who are not with him/her in prison. The treatments and the rights are controlled by those who are supposed to manage Her Majesty’s prisons and even though things such as the Human Rights Act 1998 and the European Convention on Human Rights have improved the conditions for many prisoners, there is still a lot more which can be done (Valette, 2002). This is certainly recognised in the corporate objectives outlined by the UK Prison Service but it must also be noted that the external environment of the world at large and the UK in particular is changing rapidly and in the next ten to fifteen years significant alterations can be expected (Beckford, 2005). In this context, gender and age become particularly important since recent research has shown us that young males in prisons are particularly likely to commit suicide while they are in prison. While there is no method by which we can know exactly why a prisoner might kill him/herself we are told by the Royal College of Psychiatrists that there are certain risk factors associated with individuals who have previously committed suicide in prisons (RCP, 2005). Unsurprisingly, these factors are: The lack of support from the prison authorities can have several influences which push a prisoner on the brink to committing suicide. For instance, if a prisoner is seen as being at risk for suicide the need for a constructive relation between the prison authorities and the prisoner is strongly recommended. In fact, positive relationships are the most important means for preventing prison suicides as is a programme